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                  <text>Alabama Cultural Resource Survey&#13;
Auburn University&#13;
Keith S. Hebert</text>
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University of North Alabama</text>
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                <text>Colbert County, Alabama; Tuscumbia, Alabama; Native American; Early Settlement</text>
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                <text>In 1815, Michael Dickson and a group of white settlers sailed in a keel-boat down the Tennessee River and up Spring creek, settling where Spring Park is now. Dickson purchased this land from the Indian chief Tashka-Ambi for two pole axes and five dollars in cash. Tuscumbia, formally known as Ococoposa, was renamed in 1822 in honor of the Indian Chief. Spring Park was originally named Big Springs, but was renamed in the 1920’s. &#13;
	In 1817, Spring Park had 3 dwellings, a mill, and a store. Today, the park contains a two story open air shelter, several single story shelters, a large playground, a train, a carousel, a python roller coaster, and a splash pad. The largest man made natural stone waterfall is also located here, standing at 40’ tall and 80’ wide. 4,320,000 gallons of water pass over the falls a day into the lake. The lake also features a fountain in honor of Princess Im-Mi-Ah-Key, wife of Chief Tashka-Ambi. The fountain contains 51 jets, 1 shooting 100’ in the air in the middle and the 50 others shoot 40-50’ high. It is also choreographed to lights and music each Friday, Saturday, and Sunday night at dusk. The water from the spring supplies the town of Tuscumbia, AL. It steadily stays at a temperature of 36 to 38 degrees year round. &#13;
	Many events have taken place at Spring Park and still do today. Federal troops camped on these grounds during the Civil War, and Jimmy Carter initiated his campaign to run for a second term at Spring Park on September 1, 1980. Today the Oka Kapassa festival is held at Spring Park. Oka Kapassa is a Native American gathering dedicated to celebrating the culture and traditions of the Native Americans who thrived in North Alabama. Other events include the Labor Day Festivities, Muscle Shoals Street Rod Run, and the annual Tuscumbia Fair. &#13;
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                <text>Mary Jane McDaniel, Historic Muscle Shoals: Buildings and Sites (Tennessee Valley Historical Society), 29. &#13;
&#13;
“Know Your State- Tuscumbia,” The Benjamin News, October 31, 1948.  Thomas F. Hill, “Tuscumbia’s Big Spring.” &#13;
&#13;
Google. http//www.google.com/springpark.html&#13;
&#13;
Brent Moore. Flickr.com, “Cold Water Falls- Tuscumbia” Picture, Tuscumbia, Alabama, June 16, 2012. &#13;
&#13;
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Auburn University&#13;
Keith S. Hebert</text>
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University of North Alabama</text>
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                <text>This historic marker is located at the intersection of Old Jackson Hwy and Co Rd 47, St. Florian, Alabama.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>“St. Florian Historic District Marker”. Accessed 11/09/2015. http://www.lat34north.com/historicmarkersal/</text>
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Auburn University&#13;
Keith S. Hebert</text>
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University of North Alabama</text>
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                <text>Pam Kingsbury, University of North Alabama</text>
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                <text>St. John's Episcopal Church, in Decatur, was built in 1890. The original structure was constructed for approximately $2,000.&#13;
&#13;
Through the years the building and the congregation have grown. Descendants of the first parishioners still worship at St. John's.&#13;
&#13;
The oldest part of the building is included in the Hallelujah Trail. &#13;
&#13;
St. John's is located at 202 Gordon Street SE. </text>
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Auburn University&#13;
Keith S. Hebert</text>
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                <text>Prior to 1898 the Catholic population in Florence, Alabama, traveled to Tuscumbia’s Our Sacred Heart. The pastor of Our Sacred Heart, Father Bassen, characterized Florence as a mission of the Catholic Church. As a result, St. Joseph Catholic Church was established in 1898 in Florence. Before the congregation had the funds to build a structure, they conducted mass in the home of Joe Beckman. During the 1880s, Mrs. Lena Peters donated property on Laughton Heights for the congregation to build a little framed church, which was erected in 1889 and also served as a school. The church’s construction was done by St. Florian resident Mr. Stumpe. The first pastor of Saint Joseph Catholic Church was Reverend Gamblert Brunner (an original member of Sain Bernard Abby in Cullman,Alabama),  who served at St. Josephs from 1889 to 1907. During his time as pastor, Brunner constructed a rectory that served as the pastor’s home until the 1970s. Bishop Edward Allen dedicated the church on June 8, 1902.  &#13;
	Throughout its history, the church has had numerous pastors and renovations. Three during the 1930s were Rev. Henry Watson, Father Alfred Trottman, and Father Anselm Spitzer. During the years of World War II, Father Isidore Fussnecker made efforts to reach out to the black population in the area. In the late 1950s Father Paul Koehler became the pastor of the church. Koehler implemented renovations to the church. For instance, he added additional wings to the school, a Parish hall, and a modern convent. The greatest renovations happened during the 1970s. The old church, considered too small, was demolished and a new church erected in 1974. The new church building is made of brick and consists of a tower, a statue of Saint Joseph the Worker, and a huge cross.  Today, the church is one of the chief religious and educational centers for Catholics in northwest Alabama.   &#13;
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                <text>Jesse Brock, University of North Alabama</text>
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                <text>Text:&#13;
&#13;
Rose Gibbons Lovett, excerpt from Catholic Church in the Deep South (The Diocese, 1980), in folder “McDonald Collection: Church Information-Vol. 7: Other Denomination-Catholic, Churches 7.2,” Box 37, Bill McDonald Collection, Archives/Special Collections, Collier Library, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama.&#13;
&#13;
  “A Brief History of St. Joseph’s Parish Florence, Alabama,” in folder “McDonald Collection: Church Information-Vol. 7: Other Denomination-Catholic, Churches 7.2,” Box 37, Bill McDonald Collection, Archives/Special Collections, Collier Library, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama.&#13;
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Auburn University&#13;
Keith S. Hebert</text>
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                <text>Baldwin County, Point Clear, Religion, Protestant, Church, St. Francis at the Point Church, Mrs. Ben Hamel, Traditional Protestant Episcopal Church, Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage</text>
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                <text>St. Luke’s church, commonly known as St. Francis at the Point Church, was constructed in 1898. The building was modeled in a vernacular interpretation of the late Gothic Revival style. St. Luke’s church was the first Episcopal Church on the eastern shore of Mobile bay. &#13;
&#13;
St. Luke’s congregation assembled in 1896, two years before the church was built. The church was active until 1947. The congregation had diminished during WWII so the church was vacant from 1947 to 1956. In 1957, Mrs. Ben Hamel bought the building and converted it into a gift shop. Eventually the Traditional Protestant Episcopal Church acquired the property and religious services resumed in 1984. St. Luke’s Church was added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in 1997. &#13;
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                <text>http://preserveala.org/ARdigital/Baldwin/AL.BaldwinCounty.StLukesStFrancisatthePointTraditionalEpiscopalChurch.pdf</text>
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                <text>Makayla Melvin; MSM0041@auburn.edu</text>
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                  <text>Alabama Cultural Resource Survey&#13;
Auburn University&#13;
Keith S. Hebert</text>
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                <text>St. Marks Missionary Baptist Church</text>
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                <text>The site of St. Mark's missionary Baptist Church has been in continuous use by the African-American community of Florence since 1859. Originally, the church body met under a brush arbor. The current church building was built in 1901.</text>
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                <text>Ashley Pentecost, University of North Alabama </text>
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                <text>University of North Alabama archives; Dr. Carolyn Barske, Images of America: Florence.</text>
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Auburn University&#13;
Keith S. Hebert</text>
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University of North Alabama</text>
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                <text>St. Michael's Catholic Church</text>
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                <text>Church; Religion</text>
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                <text>Established in 1872, St. Michael’s Catholic Church was the first Catholic Church in Lauderdale County. The church was organized in St. Florian, Alabama, a community founded by German Catholic settlers. A prominent Catholic minister in the southwest region of Tennessee, Reverend J. House, bought over two thousand acres of land in north Alabama. It was on this land that St. Florian was founded and the Catholic Church was erected. Consisting of a large frame, the first church was completed in 1872 on the south side of Military Road and was pastored by the German priest Father Michael Merz until 1876. Merz’ sister, Annie, attended St. Michael’s Catholic Church and became the first teacher at the church’s sponsored school. Due to the town’s cultural background, the school regularly taught classes in German.  &#13;
	 In 1878 the congregation relocated the church across the Military road, at which is still the current location. Due to growth in attendance the congregation needed a larger church, so the construction process to erect a new church structure began in 1914. From 1914 to 1918, parishioners voluntarily contributed to the erection of the new church. Stones from Shoals Creek were carried to the construction site and a local Shoals stone mason, Casper Haeger, laid the foundation. Also, members of the congregation cut down trees in wooded areas and took them to the local sawmill owned by Ed Rasch.  Today, one of the most astonishing sights at the church is the nineteen stained glass windows--twelve large and seven small. These windows, made in Munich, Germany, were purchased in 1924 as a memorial for the early settlers of St. Florian.  &#13;
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                <text>Jesse Brock, University of North Alabama</text>
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                <text>Text: &#13;
Jill Garrett, “First Catholic Church in County,” in folder “McDonald Collection: Church Information-Vol. 7: Other Denomination-Catholic, Churches 7.2,” Box 37, Bill McDonald Collection, Archives/Special Collections, Collier Library, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama.&#13;
  “Church Started in 1872,” in folder “McDonald Collection: Church Information-Vol. 7: Other Denomination-Catholic, Churches 7.2,” Box 37, Bill McDonald Collection, Archives/Special Collections, Collier Library, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama.&#13;
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                <text>Late 1880s&#13;
1900s</text>
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Auburn University&#13;
Keith S. Hebert</text>
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University of North Alabama</text>
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                <text>St. Michael's Catholic Church Marker</text>
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                <text>This historic marker is located on Church Road (County Road 30) west of Old Jackson Highway (County Road 61), St Florian, Alabama.&#13;
&#13;
The text on the marker reads: "In 1872, Catholics of German ancestry settled on the former Wilson Plantation and established the town of St. Florian. St. Michael's Church was built south of the road, moved to the present site in 1878, and replaced the present building in 1916. The stained-glass windows, ordered from Munich, Bavaria, weren't installed until the 1920's. The rectory was built in 1872, burned and was rebuilt in 1934. The first pastor, Fr. Michael Merz, a German priest, died in 1876. He was replaced by Fr. Gabriel Guester, O.S.B. from Latrobe, Pennsylvania. Benedictine priest have served the parish since that time."</text>
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                <text>Dylan Tucker, University of North Alabama</text>
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                <text>“St. Michael's Catholic Church Marker”. Accessed 11/06/2015. http://www.lat34north.com/historicmarkersal/</text>
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                  <text>Alabama Cultural Resource Survey&#13;
Auburn University&#13;
Keith S. Hebert</text>
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                <text>St. Paul African Methodist Church</text>
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                <text>St. Paul African Methodist Church was established in the early 1840s. A group of African Americans from a congregation called First Methodist left to form what is now known as the St. Paul African American Methodist Church. The original name of the group was Church Springs.  The first iteration of the church was located in an old cowshed located near South Street. A pastor named Robin Lightfoot, who would later die during the Civil War, led this church. The church was later established as the St. Paul African Church in 1879. The congregation would later be relocated to in 1895 before relocating again in 1968 to Court and Alabama Streets.</text>
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                <text>Sam Keiser, University of North Alabama</text>
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Keith S. Hebert</text>
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                <text>Formed in 1867, St. Paul’s Episcopal Church served the people of Decatur until 1930. Located in Old Decatur, the church served a thriving population who prospered from the trade that the Tennessee River generated. However, in 1888 two events worked to change St. Paul’s immensely. First, a yellow fever epidemic hit Decatur and many survivors left the community. Second, St. Paul’s burned to the ground and the congregation split over where to build the new church. Many parishioners wanted to keep the congregation in Old Decatur, while others wanted to build in New Decatur. The advocates for building in New Decatur decided to withdraw from the congregation and formed St. John’s. However, the two congregations remained closely tied together. In fact, in 1892, Dr. Erasus Wooster Spalding came to Decatur to serve both churches. By 1893, the congregation of St. John’s  raised enough money to build a church, which still serves the congregation today. St. Paul’s continued to serve Old Decatur until 1930. </text>
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                <text>Historic Neighborhood National Register Inventory&#13;
Morgan County Archives&#13;
&#13;
http://stjohnsdecatur.dioala.org/</text>
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University of North Alabama</text>
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                <text>St. Paul's Lutheran Church was founded on October 9, 1898. The congregation originally met in homes, and later in 1901, they built a house of worship at 4th Avenue and Sherman Street. Reverend W. G. Hussman was the first pastor for a congregation of 25. The church is now located at 1700 Carridale S. W.</text>
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&#13;
When L.D. Staggs, Sr. became proprietor of the grocery, he had his brother, Web Staggs, and his sons, L.D. Jr., Jack, and Billy Staggs become working members of the grocery.   Staggs, Sr.’s family descendants run the operation today and have made the transition from grocer to restaurant.   Staggs Grocery has a reputation for having one of the best hamburgers in all of Florence.&#13;
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                <text>Text Sources:&#13;
&#13;
McDonald, William Lindsey.  "Sweetwater: The Story of East Florence."  Florence, Ala.: Florence Historical Board, 1989.&#13;
&#13;
Barske, Carolyn.  "Images of America: Florence."  Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, 2014.&#13;
&#13;
Picture Source:&#13;
&#13;
UNA Archives &amp; Special Collection.  William L. McDonald Collection.  “Staggs Grocery.”  Florence, Alabama, Box 12: Florence Industry, 12-11.</text>
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Colbert County Heritage Book Committee (Colbert County, Ala.). 1999. The Heritage of Colbert County, Alabama. Clanton, AL: Heritage Pub. Consultants. 64-65&#13;
&#13;
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The area was also a popular swimming hole for the young men of East Florence. &#13;
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McDonald, William Lindsey.  "A Walk Through the Past: People and Places of Florence and Lauderdale County, Alabama." Killen, Ala., Bluewater Publications, 2003.&#13;
&#13;
Picture Source:&#13;
&#13;
UNA Archives &amp; Special Collection.  William L. McDonald Collection.  “Sweetwater Mill.”   Florence, Alabama.  Box 12: Florence Industry, 12-61.</text>
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Auburn University&#13;
Keith S. Hebert</text>
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                <text>The 1976 National Register nomination of the Robert M. Patton house states that the property is significant in terms of architecture as a classic example of a North Alabama Georgian plantation house, and for political history as the home of the first elected governor of Alabama after the Civil War.&#13;
&#13;
The house also known as Sweetwater Plantation originally sat on 4,000 acres with elaborate landscaped grounds surrounding the house.  The two story brick house is the common double pile plan, four rooms divided by a wide central hall on each floor.  Small room alterations have been made including a kitchen, side entrance, and second floor bathrooms.  The exterior massing is a symmetrical rectangle with simple Georgian detailing seen most clearly in the low hipped roof, one story porch detailing, and ornamental delicate sidelights and transom surrounding the double front doors.&#13;
&#13;
The owner Robert M. Patton inherited the partially built house from his father-in-law and completed the house in 1835. Patton served in the Alabama legislature almost continuously from 1837 until the Civil War.  He represented Lauderdale County at the State Conference and the Charleston Convention in 1860, which passed the secession ordinance that started the war. In 1865 he served in the State Constitutional Convention and became governor in 1866 until he was replaced by the Reconstruction government in 1867. Patton was then involved with the railroads and various colleges and universities throughout the South.  The house remained in the family at the time of the NR nomination in 1976. The nomination needs to be updated.  All information and photos for this Omeka entry are from the NA nomination.</text>
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                <text>Floyd, W. Warner, National Register Nomination. “Sweetwater Plantation (Governor Robert Patton House)”, (#76000335) (6/17/76).</text>
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Age 27&#13;
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Believes hit by Sheriff Clark&#13;
&#13;
Wearing a Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (1965) badge</text>
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Wynette’s first hit, “Apartment #9,” was the first of twenty-one No. 1 hits.  Her hits included: “I Don’t Wanna Play House,” “D-I-V-O-R-C-E,” “Stand By Your Man,” “Singing My Song,” “He Loves Me All the Way,” and “Woman to Woman.”&#13;
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Her marriage to George Jones from 1969 to 1975 produced many hit duets including “The Ceremony,” “We’re Gonna Hold On,” “Two Story House,” “We’re Not the Jet Set,” and “Golden Ring.”&#13;
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She married songwriter-producer George Richey in 1978 and released an autobiography Stand By Your Man in 1979.  Wynette continued to record hits through the 1990s.  She teamed up with Dolly Parton and Loretta Lynn in 1993 for their landmark "Honky Tonk Angels" album.  In 1995, she and her ex-husband Jones, released a reunion album. &#13;
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Click the link to listen.&#13;
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DwBirf4BWew&#13;
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                  <text>Alabama Cultural Resource Survey&#13;
Auburn University&#13;
Keith S. Hebert</text>
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University of North Alabama</text>
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                <text>Temple B’Nai Israel</text>
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                <text>A significant Jewish community has existed in the Shoals area since the 1840s. One of the earliest references to the Jewish community in Florence, Alabama was in September 1882 (Rosh Hashanah) in the Florence Gazette reminding readers that “our citizens of that belief generally observed  by closing their places of business.” &#13;
Various rabbis from Birmingham and Huntsville performed wedding ceremonies and funerals until the congregation decided the time had come to build a temple and to hire a Rabbi. The Florence-Standard Journal reported that Rosh Hashanah services had been conducted in the Masonic Hall on Court Street (which, in addition to the homes of various members, would appear to have been the usual meeting place for the group that became Temple B’Nai Israel. Many of the male congregants were Masons.) &#13;
The Florence Herald reported in March of 1899 that “there were about twenty-five children who needed instruction in their faith.” &#13;
In June of 1900, the Times reported that plans were being made to build a Temple in Florence. Mark Reisman and M. (believed to stand for Mose) Coplan led the building project. The Times reported, “some of our best citizens are Hebrews and they form quite a considerable portion of our community, they are law abiding and prosperous and always found on the right side of every question leading to the upbuilding and prosperity of the city’s growth.” &#13;
In July of 1900, The Times reported that $800 had been raised toward the building of a Temple and that, a board of trustees had been elected at a meeting in the home of Morris Coplan: President, Mark Reisman; Vice President, A. E. Bresler; Secretary, H. Weinbaum (of Sheffield); Treasurer, H. Miller. Philip Olim, H. Goldman, A. Kreisman, and Joe P. May were elected as Trustees. &#13;
On January 22, 1906, the Congregation incorporated in Colbert County under the name of Congregation B’nai Israel of the Tri-Cities. The first permanent meeting place of Temple B’nai Israel was in Sheffield, Alabama, (from 1906 until 1953) where the congregants were active religiously and socially. &#13;
In January 1953, at the annual (business) meeting of the group, Louis Rosenbaum (then president) announced that the purpose of the meeting was to make a final decision on the new building. An architect had estimated that it would cost $3,500 to repair the old building, and an attorney opined that the old building could be sold. The group discussed a sketch of the new building and voted that lots on Hawthorne Street in Florence be purchased. It was agreed that the auditorium and the portion of the building that would house religious school rooms be built immediately with the auditorium serving as the sanctuary until that time. The sum of $10,000 was taken from the surplus Federation funds to place into a building fund. The Lt. Alvin Rosenbaum Foundation conveyed almost all of lots 1, 2, and 3 in Block 427 of the City of Florence to the Congregation B’nai Israel of the Tri-Cities. The Temple still stands at 201 Hawthorne Street. The cornerstone of the Temple was laid in 1953.&#13;
An addition to the building, which added three classrooms and enclosing the arcade, were added in 1958. The building, in essence, remains the same today. &#13;
Rabbi Joseph Gallinger of Birmingham, came to the Temple in 1957 and stayed for nineteen years, instituting many of the traditions that are still followed by the congregants. &#13;
A twelve tribes memorial plaque, an etched glass memorial, and tree of life doors have been added to the interior of the building. &#13;
The Temple B’nai Israel hosted a centennial celebration in 2006. &#13;
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                <text>Pam Kingsbury, University of North Alabama</text>
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                <text>Coleman, Edwin M., A History of Temple B'nai Israel, Florence, Alabama, Centennial Celebration, 1906 - 2006. Private Printing. Florence, Alabama. 2006. </text>
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                <text>Alabama Cultural Resource Survey </text>
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                <text>Pam Kingsbury, University of North Alabama </text>
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Auburn University&#13;
Keith S. Hebert</text>
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University of North Alabama</text>
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                <text>Tennessee Valley Fertilizer Company</text>
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                <text>The Tennessee Valley Fertilizer Company is another company that the Ashcraft family of Florence either owned or had a stake in.  In 1897, a year before he founded the Florence Cotton Oil Company, Lee Ashcraft founded and incorporated the Tennessee Valley Fertilizer Company.   At the time of incorporation, the Tennessee Valley Fertilizer Company had an initial capital stock of fifty thousand dollars, before increasing to one hundred thousand by 1903.   The Fertilizer Company was well known for making custom-made guano fertilizers for customers if the fertilizers were needed for a special purpose.   Some of the various guano fertilizers they produced were named King Cotton Grower, Three Link, Ashcraft Special, Cotton Seed Meal and Bone, Tiger Cotton Grower, Tiger Guano, Tiger Potash Guano, and Blood and Bone.   &#13;
&#13;
The factory’s location was on Cherry Street in Sweetwater.  On the first day of operation, Lee Ashcraft and an unnamed helper produced eleven bags of fertilizer together.   From 1897 to 1904, Tennessee Valley Fertilizer Company under Ashcraft produced nineteen different fertilizers at 15,000 tons annually.   Lee Ashcraft owned the Fertilizer Company until 1909 when the International Mineral Corporation (IMC) bought the company from Ashcraft.   The Fertilizer Company became the oldest running fertilizer plant for IMC in the country into the early 2000s. As of today, it is still in operation under the name of Agrium, Inc. in the same area of Sweetwater right next to Veterans Drive and the Patton Island Bridge.&#13;
&#13;
	The original factory for the Fertilizer Company stretches back to before the Civil War when the facility the fertilizer plant occupied was a flouring mill for Florence.   Unbelievably, the three-story building that existed in 1897 when Lee Ashcraft began the business was not burned to the ground by Union forces in during the Civil War.   So the original Tennessee Valley Fertilizer Company factory building could trace its industrial genealogy back to before the Civil War.&#13;
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                <text>M.C. Fesmire, University of North Alabama</text>
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                <text>Text Sources:&#13;
&#13;
McDonald, William Lindsey.  "Remembering Sweetwater: The Mansions, The Mills, The People."  photos by L.D. Staggs, Jr. Killen, Ala., Bluewater Publications, 2002.&#13;
&#13;
“Florence As She Is."  The Florence Times.  1903.&#13;
&#13;
McDonald, William Lindsey.  "A Walk Through the Past: People and Places of Florence and Lauderdale County, Alabama." Killen, Ala., Bluewater Publications, 2003.&#13;
&#13;
Picture Source:&#13;
&#13;
UNA Archives &amp; Special Collection.  William L. McDonald Collection.  “The Tennessee Valley Fertilizer Company.” Florence, Alabama.  Box 12: Florence Industry, 12-39.</text>
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                <text>Alabama Cultural Resource Survey</text>
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Auburn University&#13;
Keith S. Hebert</text>
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University of North Alabama</text>
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                <text>The Tennessee Valley Historical Society (TVHS) was established in 1923.  Since that time, TVHS has served to educate the public and promote the region’s local history.  The Journal of Muscle Shoals History is published by TVHS, and includes articles about historic places, people, and events that are important to the Muscle Shoals Area.  TVHS participates in various forms of community outreach, including the Helen Keller Festival and the North Alabama State Fair.  Quarterly meetings are held each year.&#13;
&#13;
	TVHS and the University of North Alabama’s Public History Center recently began work on an oral history interview project.  The UNA Public History Center is also assisting with the digitization of out-of-print volumes of the Journal of Muscle Shoals History.  TVHS sponsors yearly scholarship competitions in conjunction with UNA’s history department.  &#13;
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                <text>Kayla Scott, University of North Alabama </text>
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                <text>http://buildingthepride.com/tvhs</text>
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Auburn University&#13;
Keith S. Hebert</text>
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University of North Alabama</text>
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                <text>Museums, Art Museums; Shoals; Muscle Shoals; Colbert County; Alabama; Tuscumbia; Tennessee Valley; Tennessee River; Native Americans; Petroglyphs</text>
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                <text>The Tennessee Valley Art Association was incorporated in 1964 in order to create an art museum and develop public programming related to the arts. The Tennessee Valley Art Center was constructed in 1972 on property provided by the city of Tuscumbia. The Association began a series of concerts at local churches in the late 1970s and founded two music schools and two theater programs in the 80s. For five years, these programs rehearsed in the Art Center before they incorporated separately as the Shoals Symphony. In 1998, the Art Center added an extension which doubled exhibition space, providing a workshop and art storage. The permanent exhibition of the Martin Petroglyph , a 3,000 pound boulder depicts human footprints and snakes carved by the prehistoric people of northwest Alabama. Objects include shell and stone carvings, pottery, and projectile points of the earliest people of the area. A plaza honoring TVAA founder, Ethel Davis, was constructed in 2008. The museum's name was changed to The Tennessee Valley Museum of Art in 2009.&#13;
&#13;
The museum is open Monday – Friday, 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. and  Sundays 1 p.m. - 3 p.m. Admission is free on Sundays. It is closed on Saturdays and all major holidays. It is located at 511 N Water Street, Tuscumbia, AL and is adjacent to the Helen Keller Birthplace and behind the Helen Keller Public Library. Parking is available on the east side of the museum on Water Street, but one must enter the museum from the west side of the building. </text>
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                <text>“Tennessee Valley Art Association,” Accessed November 17, 2015, http://www.tvaa.net/.</text>
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Keith S. Hebert</text>
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                <text>The Tennessee Valley Old Time Fiddlers Convention occurs in Athens during the first week of October. This festival is known as the "Granddaddy of Midsouth Fiddlers Conventions" for its role in reviving the tradition of competition in old time music. More than 15,000 people are expected to attend each year. &#13;
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                <text>“Tennessee Valley Old Time Fiddlers Convention.” Accessed July 16, 2015. http://www.northalabama.org/</text>
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Auburn University&#13;
Keith S. Hebert</text>
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                <text>Tent Colony at the TVA</text>
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                <text>Once the TVA was formed during the New Deal, men were needed to work on building Wilson Dam and to work in the Nitrate Factory No. 2. Many of these men were a part of the Civilian Conservation Corps, or CCC. Many of the original workers were being relocated from the Northwestern United States. The first groups of men established camps to live in while they were working for the TVA. These campsites eventually became known as the Nitrate Villages. The men's jobs included preventing erosion, working on the dam, planting saplings, and working on building the nitrate factory.These men were soon introduced to educational training in April of 1936. This training focused on business, soil conservation, agriculture, mechanics, journalism, radio, first aid, and practical science. For those who needed it, basic education on reading and writing was also taught to the men in the camps. </text>
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                <text>Carrie Keener, University of North Alabama</text>
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                <text>Carle, J.F. 'US Nitrate Plant No. 2, Muscle Shoals, Alabama'. Paper. Florence. William Lindsey McDonald Collection. UNA Special Archives.&#13;
'FDR, TVA, And CCC Federal Influence In The Shoals: The Journal Of Muscle Shoals History Volume XIX'. 2015. Florence. William Lindsey McDonald Collection. UNA Special Archives.&#13;
KIng, Gail. 2010. 'Wilson Village No. 2 1918-1950'. Book. Florence. William Lindsey McDonald Collection. UNA Special Archives.&#13;
'Sheffield History And Recollections: Journal Of Muscle Shoals History Volume XVIII'. 2011. Florence. William Lindsey McDonald Collection. UNA Special Archives.</text>
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Auburn University&#13;
Keith S. Hebert</text>
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University of North Alabama</text>
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&#13;
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&#13;
The text on side two reads: "On July 15, 1919, following a petition signed by fifteen charter members, the American Legion Post Number II, Florence, Alabama was organized, with Albert McFarland, commander, Bob Eastep, vice-commander, and George Bowen, adjutant. This post held its first meetings on West Tennessee Street, across from the location of the original court house. Construction of the original wing of this historic home of Post Number II, 318 South Court Street, commenced on March 15, 1936. This building is dedicated to the memory of those from Lauderdale County who paid the supreme sacrifice in World War I."</text>
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                <text>“The American Legion - 1919 Marker”. Accessed 11/10/2015. http://www.lat34north.com/historicmarkersal/</text>
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                  <text>Histories of the traditions of Auburn University and the broader community </text>
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                <text>The seal of Auburn University that sits infront of Langdon Hall and was put there in the 70s.</text>
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                <text>The War Eagle Reader</text>
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Morris (January 29, 1917 - December 13, 1996) and Rosalyn Klibanoff (August 8, 1919 - December 6, 2003), worked together and were married for over fifty-six years.&#13;
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Morris Klibanoff, a native of Jackson, Tennessee, graduated from Coffee High School, attended Vanderbilt, and graduated from Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois with a degree in Business Administration and Commerce.  &#13;
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Rosalyn Bookholtz attended Hunter College and moved to Florence, Alabama (the home of her sister Mildred Rosenbaum) in 1940 to marry Morris Kilbanoff. They were the parents of five children: Judy Klibanoff Engle, Ruth Klibanoff  Berg, Henry ("Hank") Klibanoff, Deborah Klibanoff, and Danie Klibanoff.&#13;
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The couple was active in the community and Temple B'nai Israel. Mrs. Klibanoff was instrumental in founding two local theatre groups - in 1949, she was a founding member of The Little Theatre, and she worked toward founding the Zodiac Theatre (which was, at that time, located on Hermitage Drive). &#13;
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                <text>From the Florence-Lauderdale Public Library Archives, vertical files. Temple B'nai Israel Cemetery Obituaries, Compiled by Scott Dawsey, 2005. </text>
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Auburn University&#13;
Keith S. Hebert</text>
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                <text>The first African-Americans who lived in the Shoals were slaves of the Chickasaw tribe. When the Chickasaws from Alabama and Mississippi were removed from their homes in the 1830s, the census included 1156 slaves. Tom Melton, an Irishman who lived among the Chickasaws, most definitely had African-American slaves at his home site near present-day Rogersville. </text>
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